อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง/ Mu Ko Chang National Park
Mu Ko Chang National Park
General Information
Mu Ko Chang National Park is a collection of over 40 large and small islands. The island chain is situated in the Gulf of Thailand approximately 8 km. from the coast of Trat province. The main island Ko Chang is the third largest island in Thailand after Phuket and Samui and measures nearly 30km long and almost 14 km wide. The other main islands in the group are; Ko Chang Noi, Ko Khlum, Ko Wai, Ko Lao Ya, Ko Mai Si and Ko Rang. The park received status as a national park on 31st December 1982 to become the 45th national park in Thailand. The park covers a total area of 650 km.2 of which about 458 km.2 or 70 % is marine.
Topography
Mu Ko Chang National Park is located in the southeastern region of Thailand close to the border with Cambodia. The island runs parallel to the coast and appears very mountainous from the shore due to the mountain ridge which runs the length of the island. The ridge is composed of several summits the tallest of which are Khao Lan, Khao Chom Prasat, Khao Khlong Mayom, Khao Salak Phet and Khao Yai, which is the highest peak reaching 743m above sea level. The rock of the island is mainly Granitic and dates from approximately around 200 million years ago. The geology produces a very mountainous island, but with rounded slopes rather than sheer cliffs.
The island of Ko Chang has many streams and rivers which are fed by the rainfall collected on the mountainous slopes of the island. Due to the great amount of rainfall here these streams are very clean and supply water all year round. The principle streams on the island are Khlong Son, Khlong Mayom, Khlong Khangkhao, Khlong Bang Bao, Khlong Phrao, Khlong Nonsi and Khlong Chaiyachet. This mix of mountains and streams produces some very beautiful waterfalls the most notable of which are Than Mayom, Khlong Phlu, Khlong Nonsi, Khiri Phet and Khlong Nung Waterfalls.
Climate
Rainy season starts from May to October. Its the time of the southwest monsoon while dry season starts from November to February. Dry season is the time of northwest monsoon that cools the temperature down. Summer starts from March to April. In this season, the sun passes the equator above the wind. The weather is hot, especially in April.
Flora and Fauna
The mountain slopes are covered by dense Tropical Evergreen Forest which due to the historically low level of habitation on the island is largely undisturbed (until recently when more people move here) The principle tree species present include Dipterocarpus alatus, D. turbinatus, Anisoptera costata, Hopea odorata, Irvingia malayana, Podocarpus neriifolius, Diospyrosspp., Castanopsis spp., Croton spp., Oncosperma horrida, Caryota mitis., Daemonorops spp., Korthalsia grandis, Bauhinia bracteata, Freycinetia sumatrana, Platycerium coronarium, Amomum spp., Boesenbergia pandurata and Kaempferia pulchra. Around the villages of Salak Phet, Salak Khok, Khlong Son and Khlong Phrao Bay are areas of Beach Forest. The dominant tree species here are Terminalia catappa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Melaleuca leucadendra, Eugenia grandis, E. spicata, and Pandanus odoratissimus. In the more sheltered spots, especially where freshwater enters the sea to produce brackish water, fairly large areas of Mangrove Forest exist. These mangrove forests consists of a combination of tree species including Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Avicennia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, X. moluccensis, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Cerbera odollum.
Wildlife surveys undertaken in 1992 recorded 29 species present within the national park. Animals seen included; Wild pig, Barking deer, Slow loris, Stump-tailed macaque, Silvered langur, Eastern mole, Small Indian civet, Javan mongoose plus several species of Bats, Squirrels, Rats and Mice. The bird list for the park currently numbers 74 species of which 61 are resident. More common sightings include Pacific reef-egret, Yellow-vented bulbul, Nightjar, Pacific swallow, White-breasted waterhen, Green imperial pigeon and Oriental pied hornbill. Migratory visitors to the islands include Little heron, Greater sand-plover, White-winged tern, Brown noddy, Black-naped oriole, Pale-legged leaf warbler, Artic warbler and Barn swallow. Two common breeding visitors to the islands are the Blue-winged pitta and the Hooded pitta, both of which have very distinctive whistling calls often heard early in the morning and in the evening. Commonly seen passage migrants include Blue-throated flycatcher, Blue-and-white flycatcher and the Eastern-crowned warbler. The survey team discovered 42 species of reptiles and amphibians. More commonly seen of which are; Malayan mud turtle, Indian monitor lizard, Water monitor lizard, White-face blue garden lizard, Tokay gecko, East indian brown sided grass skink, Python, Racer, Rat snake, King cobra, Common asiatic toad, Green ricefield frog, Common tree frog, Bulters chorus frog and Rugosed frog. An endemic species found here and nowhere else is the aptly named Kohchang frog ( Rana kohchangae).
Ko Chang islands are situated a long way away from any mainland rivers and thus the water around the islands is very clear and free from sediment. Thus the beaches are of clean white sand with crystal clear seawater and rich marine life. In the sheltered locations coral reefs occur with numerous coral types such as Massive coral, Staghorn coral, Laminar coral, Columna coral, Giant clams, Sea anemone, Sea fan, Sea star, Marine fishes and seaweeds. This marine diversity can be observed at many locations around the park, particularly good sites include Ko Chang noi, Ko Yuak, Ko Man Nok, Ko Khlum, Ko Wai, Ko Lao Ya, Ko Ngam, Ko Rang, Ko Kra, and along the eastern side of Ko Chang island. Another good place to explore the marine life is around the wrecks of the Thai warships "Songkhla" and "Chonburi" in Salak Phet bay on the southern end of the island.
Tourist Attractions
There are many places to interest the visitor to Ko Chang national park, the principle attractions
being,
Historical
Than Mayom waterfalls
Than Mayom waterfalls where many kings and members of royal family used to visit as the name shown on the cliff of the waterfall such as Phra Chula Chomklao Chaoyuhua, the King Rama V (1876), Phra Monggutklao Chaoyuhua, the King Rama IV (1922), Phra Pokklao Chaoyuhua, the King Rama VII (1927), Queen of Rama Vll (1973). Theres a military sector in the south of Ko
Chang.
Sai Yao Beach
Had Sai Yao or Sai Yao Beach is located on the southern part of Ko Chang near Ao Salak Petch. This beach is suitable for water sport. from here, visitors can walk to a viewpoint to see the location of memorable Ko Chang war zone as well as panoramic view of nearby islands such as Ko Laoya, Ao Salak Petch and Ko Wai.
The history of Ko Chang war zone was summarized : Many years ago in Salak Phet bay at the southern end of Ko Chang island a border confrontation occured between Thai and French forces, which was a small episode in the long running Indochinese war. The battle took place on 17th January 1941, between three Thai warships the Songkhla, Chonburi and Thonburi and seven French cruisers. The French ships had entered Thai waters and were met by the Thai warships. In the ensuing battle the French ships were repulsed, but in the process the Royal Thai Navy ships, Songkhla and Chonburi sank, with the loss of many men. Every year on the anniversary of the battle the Royal Thai Navy return to the spot where the ships sank to commemorate the battle and the sailors who took part in the
engagement.
Khlong Phlu WaterFall
Khlong Phlu Waterfall is 3 kilometres from Khlong Phrao Bay community. You have to walk to the waterfall, which takes 20 minutes. The water area is 500 metres far from Khlong Phlu Ranger
Station.
Non Si WaterFall
Non Si waterfall is in the northeast of Ko Chang near Ban Mai.
Khirii Petch Waterfall
Khiri Petch waterfall is in the south of Ko Chang near Ban Sa Lak Petch.
Khlong Nueng Waterfall
Khlong Nueng waterfall is near Khiri Petch waterfall.
Khlong Phrao-Laem Chaiyachet Beach
Khlong Phrao-Laem Chaiyachet Beach is in the west of Ko Chang. Its long beach connected with Had Kai Bae. This is the place where you can enjoy swimming. Khlong Phrao bay is next to Had Khlong Phrao-Laem Chaiyachet. Its the place with a beautiful sight of view but too danger to swim
here.
Kai Bae Beach
Kai Bae Beach, this beach is at the southern end of Khlong Phrao bay, and is a safe beach for
bathing.
Lao Ya Island
Lao Ya Island, this island takes about 2hours to reach from the ferry terminal at Laem Ngop on the mainland. The island has several resorts situated on beautiful beaches with clear water and some good coral
reefs.
Wai Island
Wai Island, another popular island situated just to the south of Lao Ya Island and is reached by the same ferry. The island has accomodation, instead of large beaches the coast is mainly rocky. The main attraction is the beautiful coral reefs which occur just offshore. Some of the best and largest coral structures in the area are located
here.
Rang Island
Rang Island, this island is situated about 18 kms south of the main island. There are no facilities here but it is a good site for camping out. The island is also home to the Edible nest Swiflet, the nests being collected annually
Contact Address
Mu Ko Chang National Park
23/7, Mu 3, Ko Chang Sub-district, Amphur King Amphoe Ko Chang Trat Thailand 23170
Only 312 kilometers from Bangkok to Trat (Highway No 3). The bus fee is 157 baht for a fan bus and 194 baht for air-conditioned bus. It takes 17 kilometers from Trat to Laem Ngop dock. The bus fee from Trat to the dock is 12 baht. The ferry departure point is also available at Center point and Ao Tham Ma Chat where you can reach the island at Than Mayom dock, Dan Kao dock or Ao Sap Pa Rot dock. It takes 40 minutes from the mainland to the island. Theres ferry to Ko Chang every hour. The fee is 50 baht. When youre there you can go to all part of the island by local bus.
By Bus
To get to the islands from Bangkok a bus should be taken from the eastern bus station(Ekkamai) on Sukhumvit road or North/northeastern terminal(Mochit Mai) to Trat province. Once in Trat town a taxi will take you to the ferry terminal at Laem Ngop which is 17 kms from Trat town. The ferry goes to several locations on the island so the trip to your chosen destination can take anything from 40 minutes to 5 hours, depending upon where you wish to get off and how busy the boat is. Travel around the islands is relatively easy with Jeep taxis and motorcyle taxis. The tracks are also suitable for walking.